Monitoring Coral Reefs in the British Indian Ocean Territory
Project Overview
Context
The degree to which a coral reef is considered to be ‘functioning’ is determined by a combination of measures such as coral cover, biomass, diversity, calcification rate and growth.
A key metric in determining reef status and resilience to future stressors is the balance between calcification and erosion which indicates if a reef is growing or eroding.
Monitoring BIOT’s benthic community is essential to the prognosis of the condition of its reef in the near future. It is believed that the back-to-back bleaching events in 2015 and 2016 have greatly altered the reefs’ trajectory.
Funded by
Specifically, our research is extending the existing long-term assessments of coral reef growth, cover, recruitment and functionally extinct corals that have been monitored since 1978 and are of crucial importance to the ecological health of the reefs.
A video archive has been established to assess long term changes in the benthic community resulting from a warming ocean. The increase in ocean temperature results in more frequent disease and bleaching events which impair the health and reproductive capacity of corals and often leads to death of coral. These events cause significant changes in coral community structure and reduces the reefs’ ability to prevent shoreline erosion. Impacts of increased sea temperature can also be observed in species of connected ecosystems. To understand coral resilience to climate change, we are investigating the innate immune response of corals, and integrating long-term sea surface temperature trends into coral reef resilience models. Additionally, the coral reefs of BIOT vary considerably in their aspect, topography and hydrography due to the structure of the different atolls, banks, sea mounts and islands. These factors impact the benthic community and reef resilience and so we are also studying how internal wave-driven upwelling affects the shallow reefs’ resilience to bleaching. These studies will enable us to better understand why some corals are more resilient to bleaching than others.
Coral condition is one of the leading guides to the future condition and trajectory of the BIOT marine environment in our warming world. The British Indian Ocean Territory is an important ocean observatory due to its remote location which shelters it from direct human impact. The Territory acts as a benchmark against which other reefs can be assessed and demonstrates how undisturbed reefs function and respond to climate change, pollution and over-exploitation. This helps to demonstrate the value of BIOT’s MPA and can inform effective improvements in the management of degraded coral reefs in the Indian Ocean and beyond.
The resilience of coral reefs in the Chagos Archipelago to rising sea temperatures has been remarkable. But as the warming events become more severe and more frequent will they keep recovering?
Key Facts
Publications
A Protocol for the Large-Scale Analysis of Reefs Using Structure From Motion Photogrammetry
Bayley, D.T.I. and Mogg, A.O.M. (2020) A protocol for the large-scale analysis of reefs using structure from motion photogrammetry. Methods in Ecology and Evolution.
Coral Mass Mortalities in the Chagos Archipelago Over 40 Years: Regional Species and Assemblage Extinctions and Indications of Positive Feedbacks
Sheppard, C., Sheppard, A. and Fenner, D. (2020) Coral mass mortalities in the Chagos Archipelago over 40 years: Regional species and assemblage extinctions and indications of positive feedbacks. Marine Pollution Bulletin.
Bleaching-Driven Reef Community Shifts Drive Pulses of Increased Reef Sediment Generation
Perry, C.T., Morgan, K.M., Lange, I.D. and Yarlett, R.T. (2020) Bleaching-driven reef community shifts drive pulses of increased reef sediment generation. Royal Society Open Science. 7:192153.
A Quick, Easy and Non-Invasive Method to Quantify Coral Growth Rates Using Photogrammetry and 3D Model Comparisons
Lange, I.D. and Perry, C.T. (2020) A quick, easy and non-invasive method to quantify coral growth rates using photogrammetry and 3D model comparisons. Methods in Ecology and Evolution.
Multi-Species Co-Operative Hunting Behaviour in a Remote Indian Ocean Reef System
Bayley, D.T.I. and Rose, A. (2020) Multi-species co-operative hunting behaviour in a remote Indian Ocean reef system. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology.
Bleaching Impacts on Carbonate Production in the Chagos Archipelago: Influence of Functional Coral Groups on Carbonate Budget Trajectories
Lange, I. D., & Perry, C. T. (2019). Bleaching impacts on carbonate production in the Chagos Archipelago: influence of functional coral groups on carbonate budget trajectories. Coral Reefs, 1-6.
Capturing Complexity: Field-Testing the Use of ‘Structure from Motion’ Derived Virtual Models to Replicate Standard Measures of Reef Physical Structure
Bayley, D. T., Mogg, A. O., Koldewey, H., & Purvis, A. (2019). Capturing complexity: field-testing the use of ‘structure from motion’derived virtual models to replicate standard measures of reef physical structure. PeerJ, 7, e6540.
New Advances in Benthic Monitoring Technology and Methodology
Bayley, D. T., & Mogg, A. O. (2019). New advances in benthic monitoring technology and methodology. In World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation (pp. 121-132). Academic Press.
Coral bleaching Impacts from Back-to-Back 2015-2016 Thermal Anomalies in the Remote Central Indian Ocean
Head, C. E., Bayley, D. T., Rowlands, G., Roche, R. C., Tickler, D. M., Rogers, A. D., … & Andradi-Brown, D. A. (2019). Coral bleaching impacts from back-to-back 2015–2016 thermal anomalies in the remote central Indian Ocean. Coral Reefs, 38(4), 605-618.
The British Indian Ocean Territory (Chagos Archipelago) – An Environmental Evaluation
Sheppard, C.R.C, Sheppard, A.L.S. (2018). British Indian Ocean Territory (Chagos Archipelago). In: Volume 2 Chapter 11, World Seas. An Environmental Evaluation. pp 237-252. Academic Press, London, San Diego.
First Record of a Coralline Fungal Disease (CFD) in the Indian Ocean
Williams, G. J., Roche, R. C., & Turner, J. R. (2018). First record of coralline fungal disease (CFD) in the Indian Ocean. Coral Reefs, 37(4), 1243-1243.
Patterns in Reef Fish Assemblages: Insights from the Chagos Archipelago
Samoilys, M., Roche, R., Koldewey, H., & Turner, J. (2018). Patterns in reef fish assemblages: Insights from the Chagos Archipelago. PloS one, 13(1), e0191448.
Towards Developing a Mechanistic Understanding of Coral Reef Resilience to Thermal Stress Across Multiple Scales
Roche, R. C., Williams, G. J., and Turner, J. R. (2018). Towards developing a mechanistic understanding of coral reef resilience to thermal stress across multiple scales. Current Climate Change Reports, 4(1), 51-64.
Coral Bleaching and Mortality in the Chagos Archipelago
Sheppard, C., Sheppard, A., Mogg, A., Bayley, D., Dempsey, A. C., Roche, R., … & Purkins, S. (2017). Coral bleaching and mortality in the Chagos Archipelago. Atoll Res Bull, 613, 1-26.